Hydrogen peroxide | Formula & Uses (2024)

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Hydrogen peroxide | Formula & Uses (1)

hydrogen peroxide, (H2O2), a colourless liquid usually produced as aqueous solutions of various strengths, used principally for bleaching cotton and other textiles and wood pulp, in the manufacture of other chemicals, as a rocket propellant, and for cosmetic and medicinal purposes. Solutions containing more than about 8 percent hydrogen peroxide are corrosive to the skin.

First recognized as a chemical compound in 1818, hydrogen peroxide is the simplest member of the class of peroxides. Of the several processes of manufacture, the principal ones involve reactions of oxygen from the air with certain organic compounds, especially anthraquinone or isopropyl alcohol. Major commercial grades are aqueous solutions containing 35, 50, 70, or 90 percent hydrogen peroxide and small amounts of stabilizers (often tin salts and phosphates) to suppress decomposition.

Hydrogen peroxide | Formula & Uses (2)

More From Britannica

oxide: Hydrogen peroxide

Hydrogen peroxide decomposes into water and oxygen upon heating or in the presence of numerous substances, particularly salts of such metals as iron, copper, manganese, nickel, or chromium. It combines with many compounds to form crystalline solids useful as mild oxidizing agents; the best-known of these is sodium perborate (NaBO2·H2O2·3H2O or NaBO3·4H2O), used in laundry detergents and chlorine-free bleach products. With certain organic compounds, hydrogen peroxide reacts to form hydroperoxides or peroxides, several of which are used to initiate polymerization reactions. In most of its reactions, hydrogen peroxide oxidizes other substances, although it is itself oxidized by a few compounds, such as potassium permanganate.

Pure hydrogen peroxide freezes at −0.43 °C (+31.3 °F) and boils at 150.2 °C (302 °F); it is denser than water and is soluble in it in all proportions.

This article was most recently revised and updated by Adam Augustyn.

Hydrogen peroxide | Formula & Uses (2024)

FAQs

Hydrogen peroxide | Formula & Uses? ›

hydrogen peroxide, (H2O2), a colourless liquid usually produced as aqueous solutions of various strengths, used principally for bleaching cotton and other textiles and wood pulp, in the manufacture of other chemicals, as a rocket propellant, and for cosmetic and medicinal purposes.

What should you not use hydrogen peroxide for? ›

The release of oxygen causes foaming, which helps to remove dead skin and clean the area.This product should not be used to treat deep wounds, animal bites, or serious burns.

What is hydrogen peroxide most commonly used for? ›

Found in a brown bottle, hydrogen peroxide is an antiseptic liquid that in the past was typically used to treat cuts or other skin wounds, and kill germs. However, peroxide is often used in non-medical situations, including for cleaning, disinfecting and stain removal.

What can you use hydrogen peroxide solution for? ›

Health Uses for Hydrogen Peroxide
  • Cleaning Cuts. 1/10. Pour it on a wound and watch the serious bubble action! ...
  • Earwax. 2/10. Your doctor can tell for sure if your ear's clogged with it. ...
  • Swollen Gums. 3/10. ...
  • Canker Sores. 4/10. ...
  • Whiten Teeth. 5/10. ...
  • Hair Dye. 6/10. ...
  • Acne. 7/10. ...
  • Disinfectant. 8/10.
Dec 1, 2022

Is hydrogen peroxide helpful or harmful? ›

How can hydrogen peroxide affect my health? Hydrogen peroxide can be toxic if ingested, inhaled, or by contact with the skin or eyes. Inhalation of household strength hydrogen peroxide (3%) can cause respiratory irritation. Exposure to household strength hydrogen peroxide can cause mild ocular irritation.

Why is hydrogen peroxide no longer recommended? ›

Hydrogen peroxide is not an effective treatment because it actually irritates the skin and inhibits wound healing. The advice about using it has changed because new research shows that the irritation it causes is not worth the antiseptic effect.”

What happens when you mix vinegar and hydrogen peroxide? ›

Don't mix hydrogen peroxide and vinegar together in the same mixture. This can create peracetic acid, which may be toxic and can irritate your throat and lungs, eyes and skin. You can, however, alternate spraying hydrogen peroxide and vinegar on a surface. Just make sure to wipe the surface between sprays.

Is rubbing alcohol better than hydrogen peroxide? ›

Hydrogen peroxide is another antiseptic, or disinfectant, that kills viruses and various forms of bacteria. But it needs more time than rubbing alcohol does to kill germs. It needs up to 5 minutes to do its job.

What does hydrogen peroxide do to soil? ›

H202 kills the bacteria and fungi in the soil responsible for root rot, and restores oxygen to help remaining roots recover faster. Directions: 1:1 ratio of Oxygen Plus 3% and water. Bottom water or top water so potting mix is fully saturated. Avoid leaves (pouring at this strength on leaves can burn them).

Can you mix baking soda and hydrogen peroxide? ›

Both of these are natural, non-toxic products you can use to clean many surfaces around your home. Baking soda and hydrogen peroxide can actually be safely combined or used separately to whiten laundry, remove odors, disinfect surfaces, and much more.

Is hydrogen peroxide an antifungal? ›

Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound commonly used as a disinfectant and antiseptic. It is known for its ability to kill bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It is readily available in most households and is often used for cleaning wounds and sterilizing surfaces.

What does hydrogen peroxide do to earwax? ›

The medical term for earwax is cerumen, and hydrogen peroxide is a cerumenolytic, which means that it can soften, break down, and dissolve earwax. Ear drops can contain a variety of forms of hydrogen peroxide. A common type is carbamide hydroxide, which adds oxygen to the wax, causing it to bubble.

What are 3 negative effects of hydrogen peroxide? ›

► Exposure to Hydrogen Peroxide can cause headache, dizziness, nausea and vomiting.

Is it bad to soak your feet in hydrogen peroxide? ›

Using hydrogen peroxide as an athlete's foot treatment is not recommended. There is no research to show that it is an effective treatment, and it can cause skin irritation. Other home treatments can successfully treat or prevent athlete's foot, like talcum powder, Epsom salts, and over-the-counter creams.

Does bubbling peroxide mean infection? ›

While not necessarily a “mistake”, a common misconception is that if hydrogen peroxide bubbles, it means your wound is infected. Hydrogen peroxide will bubble whether your wound is infected or not. A chemical reaction occurs while cleaning and creates little oxygen bubbles. Don't sweat over the bubbles.

What surfaces does hydrogen peroxide damage? ›

Peroxide can damage any material damaged by oxygen. If you look around, that is almost anything that is not an oxide. Many rocks, to a first approximation, are metals that have been oxidized. Water is oxidized hydrogen.

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