Maps of Y-DNA haplogroups in and around Europe (2024)

Introduction

The maps on this page represents the distribution of Human Y-chromosomal DNA (Y-DNA) haplogroups. A Y-DNA haplogroup is a group of men sharing the same series of mutations on their Y chromosome, which they inherited from a long line of common paternal ancestors. A few new mutations, known as SNP's, happen every generation. This allows to retrace the genealogical tree of humanity with great accuracy and see patterns in the distribution of shared historical lineages. Most major haplogroups are many thousands of years old, typically going back to the Bronze Age, Neolithic, Mesolithic or even Paleolithic. The deeper the subclade the more recent the shared ancestor. Classifying SNP's into a genealogical order is known as phylogenentics. Phylogenetic trees of European haplogroups are available here. The following maps were compiled with all the latest available Y-DNA data for each country. The maps are frequently updated when new data becomes available.

Disclaimer: The accuracy of the regional data for France is particularly problematic due to the fact that France is the only country in the world where DNA tests are prohibited by law and punishable by heavy fines (more information).

Haplogroup I (Y-DNA)

Distribution map of haplogroup I in Europe

Haplogroup I1 (Y-DNA)

Distribution map of haplogroup I1 in Europe

Haplogroup I2a1 (Y-DNA)

Distribution map of haplogroup I2a1 in Europe

Haplogroup I2a2 (Y-DNA)

Distribution map of haplogroup I2a2 in Europe

Haplogroup R1 (Y-DNA)

Distribution map of haplogroup R1 in Europe

Haplogroup R1a (Y-DNA)

Distribution map of haplogroup R1a in Europe, the Middle East & North Africa

Distribution map of haplogroup R1a-M458 in Europe

Distribution map of haplogroup R1a-M558 (CTS1211) in Europe

Distribution map of haplogroup R1a-Z93 in Eurasia

Haplogroup R1b (Y-DNA)

Distribution map of haplogroup R1b in Europe, the Middle East & North Africa

Distribution map of haplogroup R1b-S21 (U106) in Europe

Distribution map of haplogroup R1b-S28 (U152) in Europe

Distribution map of haplogroup R1b-L21 (S145) in Europe

Distribution map of haplogroup R1b-DF27 (SRY2627 + M153) in Europe

Distribution map of haplogroup R1b-ht35 (L23, L11, L51 & Z2103) in Europe

Haplogroups E1b1b + G + J + T (Y-DNA)

Distribution map of haplogroups E1b1b + G + J + T in Europe, the Middle East & North Africa

Haplogroup G (Y-DNA)

Distribution map of haplogroup G in Europe, North Africa and the Middle East

Distribution map of haplogroup G2a-L497 in Europe

Distribution map of haplogroup G2a-U1 in Europe

Distribution map of haplogroup G2a-M406 in Europe

Distribution map of haplogroup G2a-L293 in Europe

Haplogroup J1 (Y-DNA)

Distribution map of haplogroup J1 in Europe, the Middle East & North Africa

Haplogroup J2 (Y-DNA)

Distribution map of haplogroup J2 in Europe, the Middle East & North Africa

Haplogroup J2b (Y-DNA)

Distribution map of haplogroup J2b (M102) in Europe, the Middle East & North Africa

Haplogroup J2b1 (Y-DNA)

Distribution map of haplogroup J2b1 (M205) in Europe, the Middle East & North Africa

Haplogroup E1b1b (Y-DNA)

Distribution map of haplogroup E1b1b in Europe, the Middle East & North Africa

Haplogroup E-V13 (Y-DNA)

Distribution map of haplogroup E-V13 in Europe, the Middle East & North Africa

Haplogroup E-M81 (Y-DNA)

Distribution map of haplogroup E-M81 in Europe, the Middle East & North Africa

Haplogroup E-M123 (Y-DNA)

Distribution map of haplogroup E-M123 in Europe, the Middle East & North Africa

Haplogroup T (Y-DNA)

Distribution map of haplogroup T in Europe, the Middle East & North Africa

Haplogroup N1c1 (Y-DNA)

Distribution map of haplogroup N1c1 in Europe

Haplogroup Q (Y-DNA)

Distribution map of haplogroup Q in Europe

Combined Slavic Y-DNA haplogroups

Distribution of Slavic paternal lineages in Europe

This map was computed by adding paternal lineages associated with the diffusion Slavic peoples from the Iron Age onwards. These include Y-DNA haplogroups I2a1b-CTS10228, R1a-CTS1211, R1a-Z92 and some branches R1a-M458. Some deep clades of E-V13, G2a, J2b2a and R1b-Z2103 may also be of Slavic origin, but as they have not yet been identified and no regional data is available, these were not been included. They might account for an extra 5 to 10% of Y-chom*osomal lineages in Slavic countries. Within core Slavic countries like Western Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and Poland, the remainder of the Y-DNA is mostly Uralic, Germanic, Iranian (Scythian) with also some Celtic in Poland, Czechia and Slovakia.

Combined Germanic Y-DNA haplogroups

Distribution of Germanic paternal lineages in Europe

This map was computed by adding paternal lineages associated with the diffusion Germanic peoples from the Iron Age onwards. These includes Y-DNA haplogroups I1 (except some subclades of Finnish origin), I2a2a-L801, R1a-L664, R1a-Z284, R1b-U106, and R1b-L238.

Combined Celtic Y-DNA haplogroups

Distribution of Celtic paternal lineages in Europe

This map represents the paternal lineages associated with the spread of Proto-Italo-Celtic people from Central to Western Europe in the Bronze Age, starting circa 4,500 years ago. Their lineages belong to haplogroup R1b-S116 (aka P312), in other words most of the European R1b minus the Greco-Etruscan R1b-L23, the Germanic R1b-U106 and R1b-L238, and the Proto-Celto-Germanic L11, L51 and L150. S116 includes subclades associated with non-Indo-European languages such as Basque, and the ancient Gascon and Iberian languages. Since it is unclear exactly when and where Celtic languages developed and whether some Proto-Celtic speakers might have adopted indigenous languages in the land they settled (especially in Gascony and Mediterranean Iberia), all lineages were included for the purpose of this map, giving priority to Y-DNA over languages.

Follow-up

Haplogroup E1b1b (Y-DNA)The main paternal lineage in North Africa.Haplogroup I2 (Y-DNA)The main paternal lineage of Mesolithic Europeans.Haplogroup R1a (Y-DNA)The dominant paternal lineage in Northeast Europe.Haplogroup H (mtDNA)The largest European maternal lineage.

Haplogroup G2a (Y-DNA)The main paternal lineage of Neolithic farmers.Haplogroup J1 (Y-DNA)The dominant Arabic paternal lineage.Haplogroup R1b (Y-DNA)The dominant paternal lineage in Western Europe.MtDNA by countryFrequencies by regions in Europe and the Near East.The origins of red hair Where is it more common? Where did it come from?

Haplogroup I1 (Y-DNA)The original paternal lineage of Nordic Europe.Haplogroup J2 (Y-DNA)The Greco-Anatolian paternal lineage.Y-DNA MapsMaps of the main paternal lineage in Europe.Facts about DNAFun tutorial about the basics of genetics.Medical DNA SNP's linked with traits and medical conditions.

Maps of Y-DNA haplogroups in and around Europe (2024)

FAQs

What is the most common Y haplogroup in Europe? ›

Haplogroup R1b1b2 (R-M269) is the commonest European Y-chromosomal lineage, increasing in frequency from east to west, and carried by 110 million European men.

What is the most common Y-DNA haplogroup? ›

Y-DNA Clade/Haplogroup R is the most frequent (72%) and I the second most common Y-DNA haplogroup (19%). Y-DNA haplogroups subclades observed in ALSPAC are shown in Figure 1b.

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How do I find my Y haplogroup? ›

Y-DNA tests

Y-chromosome testing uncovers a person's Y-chromosome haplogroup, the ancient group of people from whom one's patrilineage descends. Because only one's male-line direct ancestors are traced by Y-DNA testing, no females (nor their male ancestors) from whom a male descends are encapsulated in the results.

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What is the oldest European Y haplogroup? ›

Y-DNA I and MTDNA U5. Haplogroup I originated in Europe about 42 000 years ago and is thought to be the only Haplogroup to have originated there. It originated from the Middle Eastern Haplogroup IJ which was taken into Europe by the Paleolithic Middle Eastern hunter gatherers.

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What Y-DNA haplogroups are Italians? ›

The most frequent Y-DNA haplogroups in the group represented by populations from North-Western Italy, including Tuscany and most of the Padana plain, are four R1b-lineages (R-U152*, R-M269*, R-P312* and R-L2*).

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What haplogroup is the Y-DNA in the gypsy? ›

The Y chromosome H-M82 and the mtDNA M haplogroups are characterised by limited internal haplotype and sequence diversity, which can easily be explained with the accumulation of mutations within the Gypsy population subsequent to its founding, rather than variation among the founders.

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What Y-DNA haplogroups are in Spain? ›

More than half of the Spanish male carry haplogroup Y-R1b, defined by SNPs rs2032624 (R1) + rs9786153 (R1b), which had its origin in the upper paleolithic (approx. 25,000 years ago) in the Caucasus region (Myres et al.

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What haplogroup is Y in the Balkans? ›

Predominant European Y haplogroups are E3b, G, I1, I2, J2, R1a, R1b, E3a, N2 and N3,²⁶^,²⁷. In the Balkans, R1b is typical for the north of the Balkans, I2 is typical for the western and central Balkan, R1a is present with a north-south gradient while E3b and J2 are present with a south–north gradient.

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What is the Finnish Y haplogroup? ›

Among the Finnish population, haplogroup N1a1 (TAT) accounted for 64.3% (95% CI 62.1 – 66.5%), I1a (M253) for 24.6% (95% CI 22.6 – 26.6%), R1a (L62) for 4.3% (95% CI 3.4 – 5.2%) and R1b (CTS2134) for 4.8% (95% CI 3.8 – 5.8%) of the Y chromosomes (Figure 2A; Table S3).

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What haplogroup were Vikings? ›

Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a1 has been considered as a possible marker for Viking migrations because of its high frequency in peninsular Scandinavia (Norway and Sweden).

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What haplogroup are Germans? ›

Haplogroup I1, as well as subclades of R1b such as R1b-U106 and subclades of R1a such as R1a-Z284, are strongly associated with Germanic peoples and are linked to the proto-Germanic speakers of the Nordic Bronze Age.

What is the Y haplogroup of Jews? ›

on the Y-haplotypes (paternal lineages) of Ashkenazi Jews, Kurdish and Sephardi (North Africa, Turkey, Iberian Peninsula, Iraq and Syria) indicate that Jews are more genetically similar to groups in the northern Fertile Crescent (Kurds, Turks and Armenians) than their Arab neighbors, and suggest that some of this ...

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What is the most common European maternal haplogroup? ›

Haplogroup H is the most common mtDNA clade in Europe. It is found in approximately 41% of native Europeans. The lineage is also common in North Africa and the Middle East.

What is the Y-DNA haplogroup in Spain? ›

Like other Western Europeans, among Spaniards and Portuguese the Y-DNA Haplogroup R1b is the most frequent, occurring at over 70% throughout most of Spain. R1b is particularly dominant in the Basque Country and Catalonia, occurring at rate of over 80%.

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What are the Y haplogroups of Vikings? ›

Haplogroups reasonably thought to have participated in the Viking and Invader migration are F, G, I1, I2, N, Q, R1a and R1b.